落日余晖
Joran van der Sloot pleads guilty to extortion, provides details of Natalee Holloway's death_我的网站
一 | 随着数字终端和网络服务日益融入未成年人的日常生活，未成年人接触网络直播、网络游戏等数字服务的渠道更加多元，直播场景下账号借用、身份冒用、过度消费等问题也随之受到关注。
二 | Joran van der Sloot, the main suspect in the 2005 disappearance of Natalee Holloway, pleaded guilty Wednesday to federal extortion charges related to the Alabama teenager's disappearance and was sentenced to 20 years in prison.As a part of the plea deal, van der Sloot agreed to provide information about the 18-year-old's disappearance in Aruba to Holloway's mother, Beth Holloway.Van der Sloot said he killed Natalee Holloway on a beach, bludgeoned her face with a cinderblock and then disposed of her body in the ocean, according to a partial transcript of a proffer meeting he had with prosecutors on Oct. 3.Van der Sloot said Natalee Holloway had wanted to go back to her hotel that night, but he arranged for the two to get dropped off "a little bit further away from her hotel so we could walk back … and I might still get a chance to be with her," van der Sloot said in the meeting with prosecutors.As the two walked alone on the beach, van der Sloot said he "laid her down" and they began kissing, and then Holloway told him to stop.But he said he kept pursing her, and Natalee Holloway "knees me in the crotch," van der Sloot said, according to the transcript."When she knees me in the crotch I get up on the beach and I kick her extremely hard in the face," he continued.He said the teen was then "laying down unconscious, possibly even dead," according to the transcript.Van der Sloot told prosecutors he then found a cinderblock on the beach and "smashed" her head with it.He said he walked into the ocean up to his knees and pushed Natalee Holloway's body into the water.In court Wednesday, as van der Sloot pleaded guilty to federal extortion charges, Beth Holloway said, "Joran, for 18 years you denied killing my daughter," and now "you have finally admitted that you, in fact, have murdered her.""You are a killer. I want you to remember that every time that jail door slams," she said."Even if you have finally confessed ... you can't be tried here for her murder. But I do employ the court to give you the maximum sentence possible," Beth Holloway said.Turning to van der Sloot, she added, "By the way, you look like hell, Joran. I don't know how you are going to make it."She left the podium in tears.Van der Sloot, 36, apologized in court to the Holloway family and his own family, and said he hopes "the statement that I provided will provide some kind of closure.""I am not the same kind of person today as I was then, I have given my heart to Jesus Christ," he said.Natalee Holloway's dad, Dave Holloway, said in a statement, "Today's proceeding confirmed that this defendant murdered Natalee and then tortured and extorted those who loved her most.""He is evil personified," Dave Holloway said.The judge Wednesday accepted the plea agreement and said van der Sloot brutally murdered two young women who refused his sexual advances, but that his confession in the Natalee Holloway case cannot be used against him.The judge sentenced van der Sloot to 20 years in prison to run concurrently with the Peruvian sentence. He will also have to pay restitution to Beth Holloway.Van der Sloot initially pleaded not guilty to the extortion and wire fraud charges in June after he was extradited to the U.S. from Peru, where he had been serving a 28-year sentence for the 2010 murder of 21-year-old Stephany Flores.In 2010, van der Sloot was indicted by a federal grand jury for allegedly trying to extort Holloway's family.Federal prosecutors alleged that in March 2010 van der Sloot contacted Beth Holloway through her lawyer, John Q. Kelly, and claimed he would reveal the location of the teen's body in exchange for $250,000, with $25,000 paid upfront. During a recorded sting operation, Kelly met with van der Sloot at an Aruba hotel, giving him $10,000 in cash as Beth Holloway wired $15,000 to van der Sloot's bank account, according to prosecutors.Then, van der Sloot allegedly changed his story about the night he was with Natalee Holloway, prosecutors said. Van der Sloot claimed he had picked Natalee Holloway up, but she demanded to be put down, so he threw her to the ground. Van der Sloot said her head hit a rock and he claimed she died instantly from the impact, according to prosecutors.Van der Sloot then took Kelly to a house and claimed that his father, who had since died, buried Natalee Holloway in the building's foundation, prosecutors said.Kelly later emailed van der Sloot, saying the information he had provided was "worthless," according to prosecutors. Within days, van der Sloot left Aruba for Peru.After court ended Wednesday, Beth Holloway told reporters, "I got the answer I’ve been searching for for the last 18 years. ... For me, reaching the end of the nightmare is better than closure."ABC News' Miles Cohen contributed to this report.。四川大学法学院王竹教授认为，网络直播中的未成年人保护不能仅围绕“打赏能否退款”展开，而应放在数字终端和数字服务沉迷防治、网络实名身份体系、家庭监护责任、平台治理以及司法规则协调的整体框架下加以考察。尤其是在未成年人可能借用成年人账号进入数字服务场景的情况下，仅依靠平台端的身份识别和事后退款机制，仍难以从根本上解决问题。平台需要持续完善未成年人识别、消费限制和风险干预措施，但同时还应从数字身份源头和社会协同治理层面形成更加稳定、清晰的制度安排。 王竹认为，未成年人网络保护的目标不应局限于事后追回消费款项，更重要的是从前端减少未成年人进入不适宜数字消费场景以及受到不良内容影响的可能。 从国际经验看，围绕未成年人使用社交媒体和数字服务进行年龄限制已经成为一些国家关注的问题，但年龄识别本身仍是全球平台普遍面对的治理难题。王竹指出，即使人工智能等技术不断发展，仅凭平台自身的行为分析，也很难准确判断账号背后的真实使用者。
三 | 相比之下，我国已经形成较为广泛的网络实名制基础，但当前实名认证仍较多依赖手机号码以及第三方支付工具等间接完成，数字身份认证链条尚未完全打通。
四 | 在实践中，成年人将实名手机号、手机甚至支付工具交由未成年人使用的情况并不少见，这使平台即使完成账号实名认证，也仍然可能无法判断实际使用者是否为未成年人。 在王竹看来，这恰恰是当前未成年人直播打赏治理中需要首先解决的基础性问题。他提出，应进一步强化实名制身份与数字行为责任之间的联系。对于成年人主动将本人实名SIM卡或账号交由未成年人使用，并由此发生网络交易、直播打赏等行为的，可以考虑原则上按照实名登记人的数字身份确定相应法律后果，以此强化成年人对实名账号和支付工具的管理责任。只有让账号出借行为产生明确的责任后果，才能促使监护人真正认识到，将实名账号交给未成年人使用并非无风险行为。 王竹认为，如果平台已经依法依规履行必要的身份核验和未成年人保护义务，而相关交易又通过成年人实名账号实施，在具体纠纷处理中，也应结合监护责任、账号使用情况及平台实际履责情况综合判断各方责任。
五 | 而且，明确实名身份背后的责任承担机制，也能够形成正向激励，推动平台更积极地落实实名验证和年龄限制，同时压缩冒用未成年人身份申请退款以及相关黑灰产的操作空间。 他同时指出，实名制治理不能仅依靠直播平台自身完成，电信运营商在整个数字身份体系中同样承担重要的基础性作用。当前不同运营商在未成年人手机号码办理、监护人绑定、年龄信息识别以及成年后身份状态转换等方面仍有进一步完善空间。对此，可探索建立更加明确的未成年人号码管理制度，强化未成年人号码与监护人之间的关联，提高数字服务场景中的年龄识别能力。
六 | 只有在数字身份源头实现更加可靠、低成本的年龄识别，平台后续的未成年人保护和防沉迷机制才具有更加稳定的身份基础。 对于司法实践中未成年人借用成年人账号打赏后申请退款的问题，王竹提出，应进一步统一裁判尺度。可以通过典型案例、指导性案例等方式逐步形成更加明确的裁判规则，并通过司法裁判向社会传递清晰预期，使公众充分认识到出借实名账号可能产生相应的法律和经济风险。 在此基础上，人民法院可依托少年家事审判、互联网法院和互联网法庭进一步加强未成年人网络审判保护工作，推动统一裁判规则；人民检察院未成年人检察部门可以通过检察建议、公益诉讼等方式，督促数字服务提供者切实履行未成年人保护义务，并加强对诱导未成年人数字沉迷等突出问题的治理。司法行政、审判、检察等政法资源形成协同后，还应加强与网信部门、电信运营商、网络身份认证体系以及相关数字服务主体之间的衔接。 王竹进一步提出，可以从“数字人格”的角度理解相关问题，即推动数字身份与行为责任之间形成更加清晰的对应关系。未成年人能够被准确识别时，应通过相应机制限制其不适当消费；成年人将自身实名数字身份交由未成年人使用时，也应承担与之相应的责任。其核心仍在于通过清晰、稳定的身份规则降低平台治理和司法裁判成本，提高数字社会运行效率。
七 | 因此，王竹强调，网络直播未成年人保护不能简单转化为“平台是否退款”的单一问题，也不能将治理责任集中于某一类主体。平台应持续提升未成年人身份识别、风险预警和消费保护能力，并通过技术创新主动降低未成年人网络风险；与此同时，家庭监护、电信基础服务、司法裁判和行政监管也应各负其责。更重要的是从数字身份这一基础环节入手，厘清实名账号使用、家庭监护、平台治理以及基础通信服务之间的责任关系，并通过法院、检察机关、司法行政部门以及网信等部门形成协同治理。只有形成身份清晰、责任相称、裁判统一、部门协同的治理机制，才能更好保护未成年人权益，同时维护数字社会交易秩序和数字经济健康发展。
Current article:http://kqzxl.wengsengzhanhuangu.cyou/list_3z6/1iv.html
Published on:00:00:00